The spiral galaxy NGC 3370 hosts two critical standard candles in extragalactic astronomy: Cepheid variable stars and Type Ia supernovae. The intrinsic luminosity of Cepheid variables is determined via the well-established period–luminosity relation, wherein pulsation period correlates directly with absolute magnitude. Type Ia supernovae exhibit a standardized peak luminosity due to their origin in carbon–oxygen white dwarf detonations near the Chandrasekhar limit. By comparing observed apparent

Galaxies Collide Without Stars Hitting — Mind-Blowing Cosmic Fact Galaxies often collide in the universe, but stars almost never hit each other because space is so vast. This cosmic dance creates stunning new galaxies without catastrophic star crashes. Learn why collisions in space are more like graceful dances than violent crashes. Perfect for anyone fascinated by galaxies, cosmic mysteries, and astronomy facts. galaxy collision, colliding galaxies, stars rarely collide, cosmic dance, universe